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- Records show that Hans Michelsen Sort was living at Gadeg?rd, 5 Slg. in ?ker, in 1598.
On Bornholm the farms (in Danish "g?rd", or old style "gaard") had long standing official names and numbers, and they were divided into three classifications, in descending order:
1) Proprietairg?rd (Propr.): a freehold estate (thus also called a Frig?rd), which could only be owned by a freeman (frimand) or a member of the nobility (adelsmand).
2) Selvejerg?rd (Slg.): meaning a freehold farm owned independently, free of obligations to an estate owner - it could be occupied by its owner or leased to a peasant farmer (bonde). A peasant who owned this type of farm was known as a "selvejerbonde".
3) Vornedeg?rd (Vdg.), two types: a) the first type was part of an estate (i.e. connected to a proprietairg?rd), the peasants who lived on them were tenants and were obliged to provide labor, known as the "Herlighedsright" (Glory-right), to the owner of the estate; b) the other type was referred to as a "Fri Vornedeg?rd", this type of farm was not connected to an estate and was free of the labor obligation - could be owned by a freeman and leased to a peasant. A peasant who lived on this class of farms was known as a "f?stebonde" (copyhold peasant).
A map drawn in 1851 shows 17 estate-farms classified as Proprietair: 3 in each of ?ker, Ibsker and Nyker parishes; 2 each in ?stermarie and Klemensker; and 1 each in Pedersker, Bodilsker, ?sterlars, and Olsker. There were hundreds of farms comprising the other two classifications. The typical farm is arranged in a joined U shape, with the farmhouse, barn, pig-stall, and utility-shed all built around a cobble-stone courtyard.
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 21 July 2015.
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1535 - 1610 (~ 75 år)
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