| Notater |
- From "Over hals og hoved - A cry of indignation heard all over Bornholm", by Sigvard Mahler Dam, SAXO, 1991:
Relatives of J?rgen Hals:
J?rgen Hals must have been a somewhat older gentleman in 1523, as his younger half-brother Oluf Ottesen (Uf) attanded the age of majority in 1497 - and probably for the very first time placed his seal as a co-witness alongside his father. (Thus was probably born circa 1472-77 - Norman Madsen). From this we can conclude that the Hals children were born no later than the 1470s. The additional heirs named by J?rgen Hals belong to a later generation: Axel Poulsen is his sister's son, and Oluf Due was married to Axel' sister, her name unknown. J?rgen Hals' sister is named in the probate records as "Anne Poul Olsens", but we cannot find Poul in any other sources, so it is likely that had died before the probate of 1522. Similarly we know of the other sister, named Else ?dberns, but we do not know when she or her heirs sold their share of the Galen inheritance.
Oluf Due is noted in the chronologies as a possible grandson of Oluf Due of Sk?ne, who is named in 1435. (36) But who is the above mentioned Poul Olsen, whose son Axel had a given name uncommon on Bornholm? (37)
Bjergeg?rd i Vestermarie:
The connections lead us to Vestermarie where that parish's pastor, together with the pastor for the Hals-family's parish: ?stermarie, are the witnesses in the deposition of 1530. Now it is time to remember one of the witnesses to the High Court case of 1522: "Hans Borreby i Borgegaard", and since there was no such name for a farm on Bornholm it is probably a variation in the spelling of Bjergeg?rd. It turns out that Hans Borreby was married to a woman named Anne, and another interesting probate case gives us a peek into Anne's family history:
1537, u.d.: st?vning til Herredagen: Peder Anders? i Myregaardt (Aaker) Citat Hans Pers? i Bierregaardt (Vestermarie) och hans hustrues moder fore nogre Jordegots som the om trette, att m?de tiill f?rste almyndelig here (dag) som stande schal her i riiget. (38)
(1537, not dated: Summoned to High Court: Peder Andersen of Myreg?rd (?ker) versus Hans Pedersen of Bjergeg?rd (Vestermarie) and his wife's mother to appear because of their dispute over the ownership of an estate, to present their initial positions here in the kingdom's open high court.) (38))
1537 2/7 K?benhavn: Pedher Andersenn paa Boringholm havde st?vnet Anne, Hans Borrebys enke, og hendes laugv?rge, fordi de havde overtaget Myregaard, hvilken var tilfaldet Per Andersens hustru Elline (Hans Borrebys s?ster), idet Hans og Anne ingen levende b?rn havde sammen.
(July 2, 1537 K?benhavn: Peder Andersen of Bornholm has summoned Anne, Hans Borreby's widow, and her guardian, for they having confiscated Myreg?rd, which was to come to Peder Andersen's wife Elline (Hans Borreby's sister), since Hans and Anne did not have any living children together.)
Peder Andersen and his wife had moved onto the farm, but Anne had them thrown out by force, so Peder had to flee - now for over 3 years, and his wife was seized and chained and sought after her rightful inheritance.
Anne's defence was that her deceased husband had given to her and her children, which she had with a husband previous to her marriage to Hans Borreby, Myreg?rd and other property. Anne presented the gift letter, written and signed by Hans Borreby, and as well a legal document signed by: Bernt Knop - the L?beck bailiff for Hammershus, Jens Hansen - chief justice for Bornholm, and Henning Tommessen - the bailiff for the island's southern district. This second document had been written circa 1533, and showed that Anne had complained to the court over being denied Myreg?rd, and that she had outstanding her children's money from the farm, both before Hans Borreby's death and afterwards; which tells us that her children were above the age of majority. According to Sk?ne law, which at the time governed on Bornholm, such bequests to a wife were legal as long as the value of the bequest was not more than half of the estate. But the court ruled that together Myreg?rd and the other property given was worth more than half of the estate, and further: a paragraph from Jylland law was found to support Peder Andersen and Elline's right to own Myreg?rd. Also, Anne had to come before the court and pay a fine, and be punished for the assault on Elline. Today we might speculate that politics probably played a role in the judgement. The L?beck bailiff had supported Anne's claim, while the Danish court denied it, and in spite of Peder Andersen trying to blame the lawsuit for his banishment, we know from another source that he was staying in K?benhavn with the exiled chief justice Mogens Uf because of their part in the 1536 rebellion against the L?beck governance of Bornholm. The king had encouraged the rebellion, and therefore Peder was under the king's protection. Which might be the reason for the unusual application of Jylland law on Bornholm! (39)
What can the outcome of the above court case tell us? That the Hans Pedersen who resided at Bjergeg?rd in 1537 was the son-in-law and guardian of Anne, and since her second husband, Hans Borreby, also lived at that same farm in 1522, then the farm must have belonged to Anne or her deceased first husband. Furthermore, considering that among the witnesses for Anne Sevidsdatter (the widow of Anders Uf and Jep Splid) on July 10, 1508, when she donated money to Lund Cathedral, was an "Oluf Jensen i Bi?rgegaarden", then we easily might assume that the previously mentioned Poul Olsen was the son of Oluf Jensen. (40) As Poul died before 1522, he must have died a very young man. This seems ever more credible when we learn that Oluf Jensen's mother's name was Kirstine Poulsdatter! Oluf Jensen's father was Jens Jensen of Bjergeg?rd, mentioned in 1490. (41) Hans Pedersen was probably married to the "Anne Poul Olsens datter", who was mentioned as married to Oluf Due in 1523. In 1550 Axel Poulsen was named as an heir of Anders Galen, this was concerning the matter of his having sold inherited property to Sti Pors; Axel seems to have received the largest part of the inheritance, which means that the male line of the Hals-family had died out. This means that J?rgen Hals had no sons, but did he have any daughters?
J?rgen Hals' heirs:
When J?rgen Hals died, or who were his heirs, is without documentation as of today. No disputes among the heirs have been noted, so the probate proceedings must have ended peaceably. We can get a hint about this when we see both Gadebyg?rd (Store Halseg?rd) and Lille Halseg?rd belonging to Hans Berildsen and his descendants. Hans Berildsen lived at 24 vg. in ?ker, also called Bjergeg?rd (or Bierreg?rd); previously it had been a copyhold farm, but which had been made free by the order of the king. (42) In 1551 Hans Berildsen given to a seat in the Landsting (Parliament), and sometime between 1553 and 1559 he was made landsdommer (chief justice), a job he held until his death sometime between 1562 and 1572. (43) He probably married a daughter, maybe the only one, of J?rgen Hals, which is indicated when his grandson Niels Berildsen sold Gadebyg?rd on September 30, 1648 for 900 Slettedaler, promising to give the buyer the "fribreve, som jeg, saavelsom mine forf?dre haver haft paa forn?vnte Gadebygaards frihed" (freedom-letter, which I, and my forefathers have been given for the aforementioned Gadebyg?rd's freedom). (44)
Notes:
36) "Danmarks Adels ?rbog", 1891, p. 127.
37) In ?stermarie is situated Lille Dueg?rd (67 sg.) and Dueg?rd (70 sg.), which is where Anders Dufue/Due lived from 1611 until 1626 (and possibly longer). The land tenancy book for Vestermarie shows a later Axel Poulsen at 62 sg., Palmeg?rd, in 1622. Curiously, both the neighbouring farm (61 sg.) and 55 sg. were named Galingeg?rd! In 1611 there lived a Niels Galling, and from 1625 a Laurits Gallind, at 61 sg. Possibly they were descendants, that inspite of their Galen heritage were unable to retain their freeman status.
38) H?b. nr. 96; same symbols, maps, nr. 1, folio 235b.
39) Herredags Dombog, die visitationis Mari?.
40) L?U V, 135 (see note 7).
41) 1491 14/1: Oluf Jensen og moderen, Kirstine Poulsdatter oplader til domkikren i Lund al den egendom hans for?ldre har lagt til Bergegaarden paa Bornholm. Oluf har et barn. 1490 u.d.: Lunde kapitel lejer J?ns J?nszon Biergagaarden paa Bornholm. (January 14, 1491: Oluf Jensen and his mother, Kirstine Poulsdatter, give to the cathederal in Lund all of the estate his parents have gathered under Bjergeg?rd on Bornholm. Oluf is a child. 1490, un-dated: Lund bishopric gives Bjergeg?rd on Bornholm to Jen Jensen.) Rep 2 nr. 6831.
42) The first time he is mentioned by name is in 1547, wherein he is referred to as: "Hans Berrildsen i Ocker sogen paa Borringhollum", as stated in the article "Tegnelser over alle Lande" in "Danske Magazin", 4 rk. I, K?benhavn, 1864, p. 306. This might be the very year that his farm was made "fri" (free).
43) For further information about him, see SAXO yearbook 1988, p. 72 - folios.
44) "H?jesterets Dombog 1665", I.
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 21 July 2015.
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1500 - 1530 (~ 31 år)
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